The bottom line: To transfer a car title, fill in the seller’s section of the title, sign it in front of a notary if your state requires one, copy it for your records and give it to the buyer. A private buyer then files it, pays any tax and the fees, and gets a new title in their name, while a dealer or online buyer handles the transfer itself.
If your state has a release of liability, file it as soon as you’re allowed to, because that tells the state the car is no longer yours. Some states have you turn in the plates or cancel the registration instead, and in a state with no filing, such as New Hampshire, your copies of the signed title and bill of sale are your proof.
If you haven’t found a buyer yet, Sell Car Advisor’s comparison tool gets you several instant offers at once.
Key Takeaways
- Electronic title: If your state keeps your title as an electronic record, the steps change, so find your state’s route: in Florida, for example, you get a paper title first or go to a motor vehicle service center with a private buyer, in Oklahoma a notarized Form 718 stands in for the title, and in Texas you need a printed title first.
- Notary: In Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Wyoming, your signature on the title usually has to be notarized, so don’t sign until you’re with the notary, and take a private buyer along.
- A private buyer: Get paid before you sign, and write the buyer’s name in first, because a title signed with that box empty can be passed on to someone else.
- An online or junk buyer: Some want the buyer’s box left empty and others want their name in it, so follow the instructions yours gives you, though in Tennessee, handing over a title with that box empty is a misdemeanor.
- Mistakes: Never use white-out, and if you write something wrong, the fix depends on your state’s DMV: Texas lets you line through most entries and write the right one beside them, California keeps the title good with a signed correction form, REG 101, and in New York and Michigan a change voids the title, so you need a duplicate.
- Mileage: Write the odometer reading in whole miles, on a gift as well as a sale, because federal law requires it on a 2011 or newer car and some states want it on older cars too.
- Bill of sale: It’s required in some states, outright or in certain situations, and it’s worth writing everywhere else.
- Loan on the car: If a lender is named on the title, it usually has to be paid and release its lien before the buyer can get a new title, so plan how your lender gets paid before you sign.
Automated assistant: general info, not legal advice
Answers come from our state paperwork data and published guides. Confirm anything binding with your state DMV.
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What Is a Title Transfer?
A title transfer is the moment ownership of the car moves from your name to someone else’s in state records.
It happens in two halves. You complete and sign the assignment section on the back of the title, and the buyer files it with their state to have a new title issued.
A signed title sitting in a buyer’s glove box hasn’t moved ownership yet. Until the buyer files it, the state still shows the car as yours, which is why you file a release of liability instead of waiting on them.
Where they file it is not the same everywhere. Several states run titling through county offices rather than a state DMV counter, which is worth knowing before you tell a buyer where to go:
That is the buyer’s errand, not yours, but pointing them at the wrong counter costs them a trip.
How to Transfer a Car Title in 7 Steps?
Have these in front of you before you start:
- The title, in your name, with no lienholder listed or a release from the lender
- The buyer’s full legal name and address, if you’re selling to a person
- The odometer reading, read straight off the dash
- A bill of sale. It is required outright in twelve states and required in certain situations in seven more, and worth having everywhere else
- Your photo ID, with a name that matches the title exactly
- An emissions or safety certificate, where your state needs one before the transfer goes through
Step 1: Check the Title Is in Your Name and Free of Liens
Pull the title out and read the front. Your name has to be printed on it, spelled the way it appears on your driver’s license.
If the lienholder box lists a lender, that loan has to be settled before anything transfers. Our guide on how to sell a financed car covers how the payoff works.
If the title was signed over to you but never registered in your name, you can’t sign it over again. Register it first and let the state issue a fresh one.
Step 2: Check Whether Your State Needs a Notary
Only seven states require it: Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Wyoming. If yours is not on that list, you sign the title yourself and there is no appointment to make.
Where it does apply, do this before you pick up a pen. The notary has to watch the signature happen, so a title you signed at home can’t be stamped afterwards.
Where the buyer has to sign in front of the notary too, both of you need to be at the same appointment. Book it once, and bring photo ID with a name that matches the title exactly.
Step 3: Fill In the Assignment Section
Turn the title over and find the block marked “Assignment of Title” or “Transfer of Ownership.”
Fill in the sale price and the date of sale. Print clearly, and check the price before you write it, because you can’t correct it afterwards.
The buyer’s full legal name and address go in as well when you’re selling to a person. If you’re selling to an online buyer or a junkyard, leave that box empty unless they tell you otherwise.
Write the amount the buyer actually paid. States tax the buyer on the higher of the price and the car’s market value, so a low number saves nobody anything.
For a gift, mark the price field rather than leaving it empty. A blank price line is one of the most common reasons paperwork gets sent back.
Write the date you actually hand the car over. That date starts the buyer’s clock to register and your own deadline to file, so don’t write it in advance or round it to the nearest weekend.
Gifting instead of selling? Selling or Gifting a Car to a Family Member: Paperwork has the gift form and deadline for your state.
Step 4: Record the Odometer Reading
Write the exact mileage showing on the dash. No rounding, no estimates, and no tenths.
Read it off the car itself rather than from the registration or an old service record. A number that doesn’t match the dash becomes a mileage discrepancy on the record.
Step 5: Sign the Title
Sign only on the line marked for the seller. Every owner named on the front of the title has to sign if the names are joined by “and.”
In a private sale, write the buyer’s name in before you sign. A title signed with that box empty can be passed on to someone else entirely, and the car stays in your name until a name goes in.
If you’re selling to an online buyer or a junkyard, sign when the driver arrives and let them check your ID against the title. They’ll tell you whether to fill the buyer box in or leave it empty.
In a notary state that order flips, and the section on junk and online buyers below covers how.
Get paid before you sign, and with a private buyer wait for the funds to clear rather than trusting a screenshot. A signed title is worth the car to whoever holds it.
Photograph both sides once it’s filled in and signed. That photo is your record of the mileage, the price, and the date if anything is questioned later.
Step 6: Write a Bill of Sale and Deal With the Plates
The bill of sale records both names and addresses, the year, make, model and VIN, the mileage, the price, the date, and both signatures.
Use your state’s form where it publishes one. If it doesn’t, our free bill of sale generator covers the same fields, and you each keep a copy.
Deal with the plates before the car goes. Some states have you take them off and keep or surrender them, and others leave them on for the buyer.
Write any title brand and known damage into the bill of sale. A salvage or rebuilt brand carries over to the new title anyway, and putting it in writing is what stops a dispute later.
Clear the car out at the same time. Personal items, garage remotes, toll transponders, and any spare key you don’t mean to include.
Before the buyer drives off: How to Handle License Plates When Selling a Car has the plate rule for your state.
Step 7: File Your Release of Liability
This is the step that protects you, and it’s the one most sellers forget. Filing it puts the sale date on the record, so anything the car does after that date isn’t yours.
Have the plate number, VIN, buyer’s name and address, sale date, and odometer reading in front of you. Save the confirmation number when you’re done.
Then cancel or move your insurance, but not before the car and the signed title have left.
Keep your copy of the bill of sale, the photo of the signed title, and the filing confirmation together. That’s the set that answers a ticket or a dispute a year from now.
Your filing deadline and form: What to Do After Selling a Car
How Does an Electronic Title Transfer Work?
Some states hold the title as a record in their system instead of printing one. There’s no paper document in your drawer, so there’s nothing to sign at handover.
Ask the state to print a paper title before you sell. That’s the route that works for a private sale, and some states also let the transfer run through their system without paper.
Printing takes time, so start it before you advertise the car. A buyer standing in front of you with cash won’t wait for the mail.
When a lender holds the electronic record, they release it to the state once the loan is paid, and the state issues the title after that. That’s two waits stacked on top of each other, so ask your lender when you start the payoff.
Dealers and online buyers handle electronic titles every day and can usually pull the record themselves. If you’re selling that way, tell them upfront that your title is electronic.
Is your state one of them? Which States Offer Electronic Titles for Vehicles?
How to Sign the Title Over to a Junk Car Buyer or Online Buyer?
You sign when the driver arrives, not in advance. They check your ID against the name on the title, watch you sign, and take the title with them.
In a notary state the order flips. You sign at the notary before pickup day, and the driver collects a title that’s already been stamped.
Some buyers ask you to leave the buyer section empty. The company that ends up taking ownership is decided at pickup, so that box gets completed after the tow truck leaves.
Follow the instructions the buyer emails you, and ask the driver if anything on the form isn’t clear before you sign it.
Photograph both sides of the title before it goes, and get the driver’s paperwork or receipt before you hand over the keys. Then file your release of liability the same day.
Some scrap sales skip the title entirely and use a state affidavit instead. In that case there’s no assignment section to complete, and the yard supplies the form at pickup.
Title Transfer Situations That Work Differently
The seven steps cover a straightforward sale between two people. These situations add a step or change the order.
| Situation | What changes |
|---|---|
| There’s still a loan on the car | The lender releases the lien first. Nothing transfers until they’re paid in full. |
| You’re gifting it | You mark the price field instead of writing an amount, and the recipient files a gift form to claim any tax exemption. |
| Two names on the title | Names joined by “and” means every owner signs. “Or” usually means one signature is enough, but not everywhere: Michigan wants both owners regardless of the connector, so check your own state before relying on it. |
| The owner has died | The estate representative signs, and the state wants documents proving who that is. |
| The buyer is in another state | Your title’s issuing state sets the signing rules. Their state sets the registration deadline and the tax. |
| The title is lost | Usually you apply for a duplicate first. Some states let the replacement and the transfer run on one form, California and Idaho among them, so check before you assume it is two errands. |
| The car is going for scrap | Some states replace the title with a junk or scrap affidavit when the buyer is a licensed recycler. |
| You’re selling to a dealer or online buyer | They complete their side of the paperwork and file the transfer, but you still sign the title yourself. |
Each of those has its own guide: gifting to family, a jointly owned car, a deceased owner, and a sale out of state.
Lost the title? How to Get a Replacement Title in Your State has the form, fee, and processing time for your state.
Mistakes That Void a Title Transfer
A title is a security document, and states treat mistakes on one strictly. Most of these end the same way, with a duplicate title and a wait.
- Crossing something out, writing over it, or using white-out
- Signing in pencil or any ink color other than the one your state asks for
- Signing on the buyer’s line instead of the seller’s
- Signing before the appointment where a notary is required
- Leaving the price or the date blank
- A VIN on the title that doesn’t match the VIN on the car
If you’re selling privately to someone you don’t know, a title and payment service like KeySavvy holds the money and moves the paperwork so neither side has to go first.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if I signed the title and the sale falls through?
If the buyer never took the title, nothing has moved and the car is still yours. You can’t reuse that assignment section for someone else though, once their name and your signature are on it.
Apply for a duplicate and start again with a clean document. This is why signing at handover, not before, saves you a fee and a wait.
How long does a title transfer take?
Your part takes about fifteen minutes, plus a notary appointment where one is required.
The buyer normally walks out with a temporary registration and waits for the printed title to arrive by mail. A lost title is the usual source of delay, though how much depends entirely on your state: a duplicate prints the same day in Minnesota, Ohio and Wyoming and takes eight to twelve weeks by mail in New Jersey.
Can I transfer a title if I never received one for the car?
Not as a normal transfer. Where there’s no title record in your name, states use a bonded title or an affidavit of ownership process instead.
Some states also let you sell to a licensed recycler without a title if the car qualifies as scrap. Both routes have narrow conditions, so check yours before you promise a buyer anything.
Article Update History
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